Squamous cell carcinoma:

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that affects the squamous cells, which are the flat, thin cells that make up the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). SCC is one of the most common types of skin cancer and it typically develops in areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, and arms.

SCC typically appears as a firm, red, scaly lump or patch that may bleed or develop into an ulcer. It can vary in size and may grow quickly. If untreated, SCC can invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Risk factors for SCC include fair skin, a history of sun exposure and sunburns, a weakened immune system, exposure to UV radiation, and exposure to certain chemicals and irritants. SCC can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or topical therapy. Regular skin checkups and early detection can help to prevent the development of SCC.

Carcinoma

Carcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surface of organs and tissues throughout the body, including the skin, lungs, breast, prostate, and colon. Carcinomas make up the majority of all cancer cases.

There are several subtypes of carcinomas, including:

• Adenocarcinoma: arises from glandular cells and is commonly found in organs such as the lung, colon, and breast.
• Squamous cell carcinoma: arises from squamous cells and is commonly found in the skin and lining of organs such as the lungs, oesophagus, and bladder.
• Transitional cell carcinoma: arises from the transitional cells of the urinary tract and the lining of the bladder.
• Basal cell carcinoma: arises from the basal cells of the skin and is the most common type of skin cancer.

The symptoms and treatment of carcinomas depend on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the location and the individual patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Early detection and prompt treatment can improve the prognosis of carcinomas.